Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. (Barca meaning Thunderbolt) Who was Hannibal's father? Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Corrections? The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2016. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). Still, without a significant force at his disposal (fewer than 20,000 men) and despite Polybius' praise that he was the best Carthaginian general of the war, Hamilcar's effect on the conflict was ultimately a limited one. Our Team This position allowed Hamilcar to hold a mountain base and harass the rear of the Roman forces who were besieging Drepana and Lilybaeum, which were Carthage's last remaining strongholds on Sicily. Jul 9, 2012. In fact, when we were filing this paper's 'Bush Telegraph' column from safari camps all over . OConnell, Robert L, The Ghosts of Cannae, pp80, Carey, Brian T, Cairns John, Allfree Joshua B, Hannibal's Last Battle, pp40, Prevas, John, Hannibal Crosses The Alps, pp41, Cottrell, Tony, Hannibal's campaigns, p18, Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198, Oros. These were taken to Tunis, the rebel capital, and crucified in full sight of Mathos' army. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. [60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. i. p. 391; Auson. Finally, when the Carthaginian Senate was unable to decide between Hamilcar and Hanno, the people's assembly left it to the army to decide on their Commander in Chief, and Hamilcar Barca was elected to sole command. Cartwright, Mark. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. The Carthaginian's, in any case, continued campaigning in Spain. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. After Carthage's defeat by . [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Geiger Richrd - grg npek Hamilkr karthgi kirly az oltrnl megli magt.jpg 690 1,027; 177 KB. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. This turned out to further restrict his freedom of movement, but the Carthaginian commander continued to coordinate attacks on the Italian mainland, perhaps as north as Cumae. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. The Carthaginian army would surrender their weapons and all Roman deserters immediately. If evidence in the urban structure of Castelo Branco and the city walls with their arches confirms its Carthaginian . Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. [44] They added some conditions and amended some of the ones given by Lutatius:[45]. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. [25] On his return he seized a strong position on Mount Ercte (Monte Pellegrino, just north of Palermo or Mt. Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. The town, called Helike, is commonly identified with Elche, but given that it is situated close to Hamilcar's base at Akra Leuke from which he could readily draw reinforcement, it cannot be the place where the following events unfolded. xxiv. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. The Roman Republic was nearly bankrupt and had to borrow money from wealthy citizens to fund the construction of a fleet of 200 quinqueremes, which blockaded Carthaginian positions in Sicily in 242 BC by seizing the harbour of Drepana and anchorages at Lilybaeum, while Roman soldiers built siege works around Drepanum. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. Hamilcar Barca gathered the Carthaginian soldiers from Drepana and Eryx at Lilybaeum, surrendered his command,[48] returned to Carthage and retired to private life, leaving Gisco and the Carthaginian government to pay off his soldiers. Over the years I've covered thousands of miles and worn holes in even the best walking boots, putting one foot in front of the other to write walking features for this paper. Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. The coins do not resemble each other. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. Thank you! Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. Cartwright, Mark. She apparently was from Lisbon. Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Roman consul Fundanius (243/2 BC) arrogantly replied that Hamilcar should request a truce to save his living and denied the request. Hamilcar Barca. Port area of Boston. There are several versions to what happened next: Orissus offered to aid Hamilcar, then attacked the Punic army, and Hamilcar drowned during a retreat across the Jucar river;[114] the Oretani sent ox-driven carts to the Carthaginian position, then set them on fire and Hamilcar died in the resulting melee;[115] Hamilcar accepted an offer to parley, then led the enemy in one direction while Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca fled in the opposite direction. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. Whatever direct territorial control Carthage had had in the past in Iberia,[98] this had been mostly lost by this time as Hamilcar was "re-establishing Carthaginian authority in Iberia". Newest results. Hannibal whose full name is Chenu Bechola Barca was an intelligent warrior of Carthaginian . Hamilcar raised an army of 10,000 with Romes cooperation and battled the rebels for four years before recapturing his provinces in north Africa. With a reduced army and fleet, Hamilcar commenced his operations. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. Discussion Starter. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. Media in category "Hamilcar Barca". The Turdetani surrendered. RM G15JXK - Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (247-183/182 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. Hamilcar, furious that Sicily had been given up too soon, while he had been undefeated,[77] could rely on support from this party. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Because of his place in military history, people often question his origin and black African ethnicity. General who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 BC). Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. Related Content Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Hamilcar is a gladiator who fights for the ludus of Batiatus. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian expedition to Spain in 237BC, and for eight years expanded the territory of Carthage in Spain before dying in battle in 228 BC. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. With Hannibal and son-in-law Hasdrubal (the Handsome), he and an army of elephants and Phoenician and Numidian troops battled Iberian tribes, founded the city of Akra Leuke (modern Alicante), acquired huge quantities of Spanish silver bullion, and solidified new political and military alliances. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Hamilcar seized the town of Eryx, captured by the Romans in 249 BC, after destroying the Roman garrison, and positioned his army between the Roman forces stationed at the summit and their camp at the base of the mountain. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264241 bce). When the Mercenary War burst out in 239BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. Mark is a full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. vii. Roman Beach AttackThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". Home Team History on Should Black Me. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. The traditional historiography up to the 80's interpreted the Carthaginian policy on the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the VI century BC as basically one of imperial domination directed at replacing the Phoenician presence by direct Carthaginian control. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. Their opponents probably had the support of people who had wanted to continue the war even after the defeat at Aegates Island. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Italy. "Hamilcar Barca." Hamilcar probably landed at Gades in the summer of 237 BC. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. Hanno marshaled his soldiers, but twice failed to engage the rebels under favorable conditions and twice failed to surprise them on other occasions. Apr 3, 2011. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. Web. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. According . Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. He was also fatherinlaw to Hasdrubal the Fair. #1. World History Encyclopedia. Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. European archaeologists have found eight coins portraying Hannibals Carthaginian features. Hamilcar Capital is currently advising its consortium of selected investors in transactions across various sectors such as construction, logistics, agro business, leisure & tourism, real estate and infrastructure spread throughout Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Hamilcar Barca "Carthaginian general, led forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War. Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. [28] He also set about improving the spirit of the army, and succeeded in creating a highly disciplined and versatile force. The exact location of this valley has never been conclusively identified. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. In various forms, the name . Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. Carthage had beaten a Roman army in Africa, but Rome seemed able to replace their naval fleets at will. The soldiers refused to accept Hamilcar as an arbitrator, angered by his refusal to accompany his army from Sicily and retiring to Carthage as soon as the treaty with Rome was formalized, and although Carthage at this point conceded to all their demands, things soon boiled over and started the conflict known as the Mercenary War. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. 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